Ma Ha Most Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra.

Ma Ha Most Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra ( Maha Prajnaparamita Hridaya Sutra ), called Prajna Heart Sutra (Sutra du Coeur), is one of the popular discourse and, most important of Mahayana Buddhism. It is a short prayer often recited in the temples of China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Tibet, etc., whether under the Zen, Pure Land and Tantric. Vietnam Buddhist few people do not memorize the phrase "Lust not away markets, ie not urban identity" of texts, and "no color" became the nug usual to express the spirit of Buddhist transcendence.   Origins Heart Sutra Prajna Heart Sutra is one of the major texts of scripture Prajna Paramita majority ( Prajnaparamita Sutra ). It was one of the first business of Mahayana Buddhism appeared in India in the mid-century I BC and the first century AD, and is complemented continued until after the fourth century AD. Full texts with Prajna Paramita majority of 40 texts, different lengths (from 300 to 100,000 sentences), all in the atmosphere is 600! There are texts remaining under the original Sanskrit (Sanskrit), but most (including Prajna Heart Sutra ) shall remain in the translation into Chinese and Tibetan. The author of this text is not Who knows, there might be many unknown author (or intentionally anonymous) written in different periods. One misconception that the author is his fur , (or Nagarjuna, Nagarjuna ) , one of the greatest philosophers of India (around the second century - III AD). In fact, for the Prajna Paramita Sutra David, his fur is only a glossary, key commentators had great success clarify the meaning of scripture. Prajna Heart Sutra is a short prayer Most of the Prajna Paramita Sutra David , and other texts with a relatively short in the Sutra , the Diamond Sutra (or Vajrayana, Vajracchedika Sutra ), the two texts are taken as the basis for spiritual meditation , spiritual observance out of Buddhism. The Maha Prajnaparamita Hridaya Sutra in Sanskrit which he Xuanzang to India Visiting Tang on, and then translated into Chinese in 649, at the temple From Grace. Currently, there Back 2 the Prajna Heart Sutra , a "long" in Tibetan and a "short" in Chinese. Japan we are still commonly used in Vietnam as a "short" in Chinese (including 260 words), has recently been translated into Vietnamese in the ritual chanting.   Read and understand the Heart Sutra It can be said that Prajna Heart Sutra , by presentation in a lucid and concise emptiness ( Shunyata ) , was contained by the profound, spiritual essence of Buddhism. But not as well as one of the concepts profound concept, most confusing of Buddhism. Especially when that concept to have broken the notion that people often have problems. Misunderstanding letters not really amount to not know the word no , sometimes worse than others. Regularly chant and recite the Heart Sutra Prajna , which does not understand the word no, only obstacles in the curious phrase like "not afraid to try Monster," "renunciation crazy", "Not become terrorists," or mantra at the end of the article "Bill soles, soles up ...", it's just pointless only. The important thing is to understand the meaning of the texts, the spirit of Prajna that the Buddha and his next Patriarch imparted to the next generation, through five continents and more than two thousand years of history history. Through this article, we will try to find out more about the Heart Sutra Prajna . Based on the most popular texts written in kanji, we'll Vietnamese translation and commentary of each verse. If necessary, we will add more French to lighten proved significant.   Sino-Vietnamese translate, and comment 1. "Maha Prajnaparamita Hridaya Sutra" (the name of texts) Maha = great; Prajna Prajna = intellect; Paramita (Paramita David) = to the other side (in Chinese is "unique shore"); Hridaya = heart; Sutra = business. Maha Prajnaparamita Hridaya Sutra means "prayer of the mind to achieve wisdom Prajna lead to other side. " It can be understood as "critical discourse" ("mind" in the sense that the center = central) intellectual Prajna , but understand "mind" in the sense that the mind of the Buddha is probably more correct. We will return to this issue later. Name texts may retain Sanskrit-Chinese text is: " Ma Ha Most Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra " , or the Sino-Vietnamese translates as " Great wisdom Vietnam Heart Sutra. " 2. "At the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara of deep Prajna Paramita David, the reference period is the five aggregates do not, most of the yoke of suffering." = "The Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, after looking into things by Prajna wisdom , immediately apparent that the aggregates are not, so beyond all suffering yoke. " 3. "Death Relic, any color is not allergic, not any heterosexual identity, identity marketing is not instant, not instant matter, sensation of food ideas, herons serve as marketing". = "Hey, Relic Death, nothing more sharp zero, What else did not identity, ie no color, no color ie, the ideal life of food, are so well ". The scene appeared the first two sentences of this can be understood in two ways, according to the scriptures "short" texts or "long": a) According to common wisdom, based on the scriptures "Short" (popular in China, Vietnam), then this is the teaching of Lord Buddha to his disciples was a Shariputra (Shariputra) , after removing the mirror Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara In (also a brand name of Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara , Sanskrit is the Akita , is a brand name of Avalokiteshvara ), have looked into things by location Property Prajna , so it is clear that the aggregates are not, and beyond all suffering yoke ... b) As a second interpretation, based on the scriptures "long" (according to Tibetan tradition). This text can add a preamble and a coda: "The other day, Shakyamuni Buddha and Bodhisattvas and monks gathered at the Vulture Peak. While meditating Buddha, the Bodhisattva Independence , after looking into things by intellectual Prajna , and he saw clearly that the five aggregates are not, should be explained to Sariputta emptiness of things (...) The Buddha did not say a word, and after the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara In lecture After his discharge meditation and said: "Do not! Yes really! Me and Bodhisattvas fully endorsed, and praised the virtues of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara In ". All are rejoicing and listening to his bow and pay homage to Buddha Bodhisattva." But if this understanding , we may wonder why the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara at , is a symbolic character for compassion, relieve suffering, to explain to Shariputra , a disciple of the Buddha is famous for clever and wisdom? Indeed, Shariputra (Shariputra) is a particularly clever disciple and wisdom of the Buddha. Only 15 days after the Buddha's acolytes, he attained enlightenment, and in the words of the fellow, "Blessed beyond that, no one can be part of the sixteen intelligence Shariputra ". He is particularly talented organizations should be given the responsibility Buddha Sangha faculty. He is supposed to replace the Buddha to control movement, but unfortunately he died before the Buddha 6 months. However, his influence continued over several generations old rose, with several follow his path (Venerable Ministry) , and some oppose him (Mahasanghikas). Because of intellectual Xa Waving benefits were assessed as dry, cold, in favor of reason. Thus, we can understand the value of the symbol of the sermons of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara In , symbolizing the spirit of compassion, understanding know by intuition (intuitive comprehension, Directe), in the "heart" (coeur du intelligence), to Shariputra , symbolizing the intellectual barrenness, based reasoning (intelligence analytique). The meaning of this instruction is: never mind dry, based on the reasoning, though sharp anywhere matter, can lead to intellectual Prajna ultra Vietnam, through to the other side, ie liberation. Only insight (Comprehension profonde), intuitively, in the "heart", was put to intellectual Prajna , through to the other side. The meaning of the word "heart" of the Heart Sutra can understand that. And we should not forget that Prajna Heart Sutra on the sutras of Mahayana , should not avoid bias: the character of a Mahayana explanation for the character of the Theravada, it does nothing strange ... Regarding the content, the first two sentences of this very important, because the problem was hooked on to nature No (Shunyata) of the five aggregates (khandha) , is the essence of prayer. Recall five aggregates are: color ( rupa , forme), feeling ( vedana , Sensations), idea ( Sanna , perception), onions ( samkhāra , volitions), formula ( viňňāna , Conscience), are something that are joined together, the convergence together (from which the word AGREGATS) of the people, into the so -self , self. If divided into "body" (corps) and "mind" (esprit), (in fact there is no division Buddhism sensitive to that), it can be said that the reduced color depending on the "body" , and sensation, perception, knowledge of the " mind " . In ancient times, people thought that this body is due to the four elements (earth, water, wind, fire) composite; Today, we know that the body is composed of bones, flesh, skin, head, abdomen, limbs, organs ... want to split anyhow, to tissues, cells, molecules, both complexes magazine recently solidarity with each other. The first one says " Sac 's like no , no no different identity , "has made ​​us think, but then again emphasizing the more" color that is not , is not that is excellent . " " Excellent = no , no = identity ". Is too obvious, can not deny this assertion. But the problem is confirmed (affirmation) is also a negation (negation). Saying that " identity "is" no "also means" no color ". But if you understand "no" means "no", then the problem. People will be able to refute it said clearly "yes" so obvious, but how to make that "no", that identity is "no", that feeling, perception, volition and consciousness is "no"? So who wrote this, who are reading this, who are thinking here? In fact, if you want to clarify that the word No , we have two ways: 1. To reset the right question: "Do not what?" (Vide de Quoi?). Because if you now have a voice to say "No" and only one "no" only (previously none), then of course the word "no" does not have a meaning. "No" is not something, but can not "not" is not empty. So "no" mandatory is not something, and "something" which we will mention later. 2. To understand the word no , it must start with the word "yes". The notion that all phenomena (phenomenes) (noun Buddha is " legal ", dharma ) are true, called "organic nature". This is the most common concepts. It is commonly believed that all phenomena, all things around, as well as myself, are real (reel), is nature (nature propre), is fixed (fixe), immutable (stable , inchange), is a separate entity than other phenomena (distinct, independant). Since then accept (s'attacher) into the "yes" (ie "accept ownership" ), and problems, chronic pain ... Meanwhile, in the spirit of Prajna , then all phenomena in the world time (including myself) are "emptiness" , that is not true, no nature, no fixed, always convert, and are conditioned by the city. No phenomenon can be individually separated from other phenomena, all of which are closely associated. The origin of the Sanskrit word not also help us understand more about the concept. "Shunyata" = nature No (vacuite), "Shunya" = not (vide), is from the word "SVI" (= distension up) that out. What is puffed up, it is normally empty. Such as "I", which looks looks like puffed up, "rugged" too, because in aggregate form, but really empty inside. Nothing is "I" in the middle. But saying so does not mean there is not anything . Article greatest common mistake is understood not as nothingness, the nothingness (neant). Because misunderstood No no nothing, is void, so a new one is assigned to a Buddhist nihilism (nihilisme). Westerners often translates not as "vide" or "vacuite" , and is often the first sentences of "Sutra du Coeur" is "La forme est le vide, est la forme et le vide". Suppose to use the noun "vacuite", because the noun "vide" (just as an adjective) is most often misunderstood nothing, is nothing. Meanwhile, "vacuite" is something more subtle, can evoke emptiness of inherent nature, not fixed, not isolation, is not true. In Zen art, people tend to draw a circle to express what not , but to understand it is not, but should not be interpreted as zero, or nothing at all. Thus, the doctrine of impermanence ( anicca ) not-self ( anatta ), origination ( Paticca-samuppada ) of Buddhism are enclosed in a word No! Nature is not fixed, there's not usually in aggregates are impermanent , nature has no nature, no as separate entities, which are always relative to another property (Hanh called inter-être ) is selfless , is dependent origination . Impermanence, selflessness closely related to each other, not just one word is enough to describe it. After all, the source of identity not have the original teachings of the Buddha, but only to promote a comprehensive way with the emergence of mental Prajna and seconded Middle Way ( Madhyamaka ) , also known as No sex ( Shunyata vada ) . If you understand the word no means understand Buddhism. Operating deep emptiness No , as the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara at, ie beyond all suffering yoke, liberation, enlightenment. 4. "Death Relic, not legal market lettered minister, being immortal, no impurity profiles, any increase any reduction". = "Relic Death, which is not the law minister, not being not kill, not dirty clean no more no less. " This statement followed the previous question: for all measures (phenomena) are not fixed, so being becomes Removal, dirty become clean, adding becomes less, hot becomes cold, become pretty bad, etc. And for what became of the other, so there is not really being no kill, no mess no cleaning, no more no less ... All changes constantly, depending coast that appear under this minister or other minister. Moreover, kill, clean dirty, additions, themselves are not entities, it is just a noun, the concept, the symbols that make up the human self with the mind distinguishes her. Sentence It also reminds us to "8 emptiness" of his fur ( Nagarjuna ) , presented in the thesis Madhyamaka ( Madhyamika Shastra ) : "Not being not kill, do not usually do not clip, not a not a lot, not to not go "(ni ni destruction production, ni ni aneantissement persistance, Unité ni ni pluralite, ni ni venue depart). 5. "try-air market formless, no sensation, perception, consciousness; no eye, ear, billion, tongue, body and mind; formless, sound, smell, taste, touch, approach, numerous perspectives detouring unconscious world press ". = "So in general no, no form, feeling, perception, volition and consciousness; no eye, ear, nose, tongue, body and mind; no color, sound, smell, taste, touch, Justice; no label instructions until no conscious world. " In terms of language , we find Vietnamese only one "no" to refer to the noun "nature No "and the negative adverb" not ", while the Chinese distinguish noun" not "(emptiness) and the negative adverb" very "" no "and" non ". That may be one of the obvious reasons for taking us to the misunderstanding of the word No in Buddhism. In the name of Buddhism, 5 aggregates (AGREGATS), 6 units (5 sense organs and bodies of thought = 5 organes des sens, et de la Pensée organe), 6 ceiling (the 5 senses and thoughts = 5 sens, et la Pensée), 12 origin (of 6 plus 6 bare root), and 18 instructions (18 Mondes ). All nothing is really nature, the fixed end, all custom charm that out. 6. "Countless ignorance, ignorance herons take very, very old detouring electronic media, herons take death very old, very hard , set, kill, religion, no mind, herons very favorable. " (Here, do not mistake the word "heron" with the word "kill" , "heron" means "also", "kill" means "destruction "). = "There is no ignorance, also no end of ignorance, until no old dead, nor have all the old dead; no pain, set, kill, religion; no intellectual, nor an endorsement attained. " This means that something is not all, even the basics of Buddhist teachings, such as Twelve's coast (from ignorance to old mail), Four Truths (suffering, set, kill, direction), which has studied Buddhism listen to it until inculcated in print, and even the intellectual attainments that Buddhist practitioners yearning. So how? If all is not , then perhaps Buddhism is not "no" or what? Of course, this question is not out to cause confusion, doubt and turmoil in the early students of Buddhism. Here, we see all the deep magic of the spirit of Buddhism. In the Sutra , the Buddha preached whenever something important, he would often repeat: "Na punar yathocyate" ("But to say so, but it is not so"). Because he wanted to note the hear that language, noun only a means, and when he was wrong to say, was separated from the truth, can only be received by experiment, by intuition. Throughout the history of philosophy and religion, perhaps only the Buddha is the only person to say such words. His fur ( Nagarjuna ) also pointed out two levels of truth of the Buddha's teaching: continue Empire ( samvriti satya ) , ie true relative (relative verite), by convention (conventionnelle), and the base , known as the First imperialism ( Paramartha satya ), ie the absolute truth (verite Absolue) everlasting (eternelle), beyond concepts, words (au-dela des concepts, du langage). Look under the aspect of continuous substrate , the coast's Twelve , Four Truths valuable, but look under the aspect of the base , the coast's Twelve , Four Truths are not, meaning that there is no nature, not fixed. The reason the Buddha created these things, is to help all sentient beings end suffering, as well as physicians who created medicine to treat the sick healed. Buddha's teachings just as the raft used to cross the river, such as fingers to indicate the moon. It is only a means, a hypothesis ( prajnapti ) . Attached to it, treated it as a fixed fact, that is wrong. According to the concept Mahayana Buddhism is divided into 3 periods: 1. Admin Buddhist period : an explanation of "Four Truths" "Twelve's grace", while in favor of the form (FORMEL), there is no distinction, good and evil, etc. The scriptures of Theravada Buddhism is mainly Pali Tripitaka. 2. Chinese Buddhist period : about "Nature No "( Shunyata ), ie spiritual Prajna . Classics are often Mahayana sutras (scriptures Prajna Paramita majority , including economic Diamond and Heart economic Prajna) . 3. Hau Buddhist period : about justice "Vacuum outstanding property" . Classics is the later Mahayana sutras. (Discuss Post-Buddhism, the doctrine Legs As ( tathata ) , is beyond the scope of this post. But we can say briefly that nature actually not with Legs as one. No is yes, but there is also no. The truth is it so ("as the market", ainsite, Tel Quel), and as such, can not be identified, described by concept , words. Nirvana is Samsara and Nirvana rebirth, liberation is negativity and negativity is liberated. The break became a comprehensive compliance). For Theravada Buddhism ( Theravada ), only early Buddhism, ie the teaching of the Buddha Shakyamuni was documented in the Tripitaka, is the honest, be reliable. But for Mahayana Buddhism ( Mahayana ), then the words up there (Four Truths, the Twelve's coast) on continuous substrates , and so there really are not fixed. Mahayana always wanted to break all the mortgage on the base further , by "emptiness No ", to finally reach the base by way of intuition. But in Prajna Heart Sutra , "a no-brainer, but there is no attained " . That is, once the Bodhisattva conduct 6- Paramita to save sentient beings (including location Paramita is fundamental), then in fact there is no place that does not have attained. In business there is a saying: "Bodhisattva Bodhisattva knowing that he is, is not the Bodhisattva" . Because pursue becoming a Bodhisattva, Bodhisattva know, then that is also carried by discrimination, and attachments, and really has not been freed. Here, out where all the serving prime location of the Bodhisattva. The spirit of Prajna is so mentally break approved (non attachement, lacher-prize), breaking approve false, right and wrong, good and evil, evil good, clean dirty , because all is relative, are treated, not fixed, but changes depending coast. The question "All things during No" , "Meditation is the door Door No" , also located in that sense. To answer the question is the heavy spirit attachment, the ancient Zen masters often held up two fingers, with means that the questioner was stuck in the treated sides, ie no lens is directed. Or is raised one finger in between, meaning that the answer lies in the path of the middle way , not a "yes" nor "no". But in fact, only keeping silent is close to the new the truth. As the silent thunder of Shakyamuni Buddha, also known as Mahamuni , Lord General Static Wear (Muni = static wear). Or eloquent silence of Bodhisattva Wei Ma Cat (Vimalakirti) , who lay disciples compassion and wisdom of the Buddha, the question about the nature of things. 7. "Of course possessed very trying, Slapping health scare Bodhi Prajna Paramita had, hell no concerns center. Countless enemies tried to interfere, no terrorist property, renunciation crazy fantasies ultimate Nirvana. Tam Medicine Buddha Prajna Paramita David problem, obtained a brown leather La Tam Tam Bodhi shrines ". = "Since not possess, so the Bodhisattva y David Prajna Paramita, unobstructed mind. Because unobstructed should not fear, far from crazy Reveries island, reached Nirvana finality. The Buddhas of the three life also depend Prajna Paramita majority, gaining direct result of Supreme Enlightenment. " Do not possess means not getting into anything, achieve the mind as such , so the Bodhisattva spirit slash Prajna, shunned all the wrong dreams, and achieve nirvana. It is very favorable, but prime , did not find that to achieve, that is the spirit of Prajna. 8. "Trying tri Prajna Paramita Most urban contemporary mantra, intelligent marketing agency notes, market supreme uncle, numerous college marketing class notes, excluding energy necessarily suffering any damage true.     Trying theory Prajna Paramita David Note Theory News writes: Bill soles, soles up, three dollars up base, third base la rose up, Bodhi Bodhisattva Ms. Ha ". = "should know, Prajna Paramita is the great mantra majority, proving that great uncle, is unsurpassed attention, is of class class notes, or deducted foremost is suffering, truth is not wrong.     So say uncle David Prajna Paramita, they said uncle said Bill soles, soles up, three dollars up soles, three dollars rose up soles, Bodhi Bodhisattva Ms. Ha ". It said the majority Prajna Paramita , as a mantra ( mantra ) brought a boundless power, capable of eliminating all suffering. The appearance of this spell the end of texts is still a question for Buddhists. There are Buddhists believe that at the end of the Heart Sutra Prajna being drafted (fourth century AD), the Tantric (tantrisme) began flourished where folk, and began intrusion into Buddhism. That article explaining why Prajna Heart Sutra was ended by a mantra. Sanskrit is verbatim: "Gate Gate paragate parasamgate svaha bodhi" , which means: "Pass, pass, pass on the other side, completely overcome, fully enlightened!" (according to opinion, if desired reads like a mantra, it should be kept verbatim Sanskrit, but Sanskrit transliteration using the kanji "Bill soles soles up ..." then it is meaningless, also called La Fontaine is no different as La Phung Tien, Napoleon is Napoleon, etc.). But one way to understand this mantra, in the spirit of Zen , is: read this mantra is not to understand but to just straight to the heart , the mind is not without distinction, not the concept. Other than the head using words, concepts to explain, mantra this end a mace direct hit on intuition, in the center has expanded to ready to receive wisdom beyond words. It is the teacher's instruction Thanh Tu, and he has led two examples of teacher poem Bat Tri Ly, Ty Ni Da Liu Chi line, and all agreed Tuệ Trung Tong Landscape by international lawyers, Tran both ends with the sentence "Court proceedings checkered checkered socks factors rust" .   Conclude Read and mulled Prajna Heart Sutra helps us understand more about the word No ( Shunyata ) is the most fundamental and difficult to understand in Buddhism. Must understand correctly the word No , it is true that new doors open on Zen , Buddhism door. But not well enough to understand, and to initiate further proof, must apply in everyday life, in the process of " cultural, private, religious " (learning, thinking, practice) ... No no means nothing, as all life is a big zero, that I had to give up everything, to accept all or reject all. No means yes, but one with such and just so not bad, no human mind what additions to it, that is the illusion caused by ourselves. The purpose of No is to break the "can", not the "yes" as So get rid of all concepts, words, but that is what "has" created by himself, and make his mortgage on it. Spirit of Prajna is the spirit out mortgage , mortgage out property, located ego, often through mortgage, mortgage law breaking, breaking accept a favorable position, and even the mortgage is not broke. Not a coincidence as the continental organization Hue Energy and King Tran Thai Tong heard about the "Consent wealth endowment pediatric head office center" tr ong Diamond Sutra , which suddenly enlightened. Not to indulge in mind where that is thoroughly achieved the No, is freed. All these koans, poems, verses of the ancient Zen masters far only subtle spirit not magical. As well as the following poem to the teacher's Huong Hai (line Truc Lam, XVII-XVIII century, the Nguyen dynasty): "Swallow the school, nh welding bass fishery. Swallow spend the countless monuments, countless photo storage spending Cards mind ". Roughly translated as: "Swallow tossed in the air, light submersible water bottoms, swallow air traffic traces, water does not hold the ball shape. " What are the characteristics of humans or want to hold, want to pursue something never holds. Looking at the swallows skim the shadow shimmering on the water, which had wanted to save the silhouette in film, in painting, in poetry. Meanwhile, only swallows flying over, did not mean to leave marks, water reflects back, no mind to retain the silhouette. Silhouette or not is just in the eye of the viewer, is in the mind of the spectator. Say no, it is not true. Yes, but the truth is nothing else, nothing to grasp, to record, to regret. There is such a casual relaxed, it was not much different what not .END=VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.THE MIND OF ENLIGHTMENT.WORLD VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST ORDER=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=GOLDEN LOTUS MONASTERY=THE EIGHTFOLD PATH.NAM MO SAKYA MUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.13/11/2014.